TPO13 TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS - 英檢

大家好!! 麻煩有經驗的人幫忙解惑一下感謝!!
節錄了兩段很難懂的部份


A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an
impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific,
practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups;
we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right.
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最後一句話我一直搞不懂他的涵義是什麼??? 字面上的字都知道 可是就是不懂意思@@"


5. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the
main difference between primary and secondary groups?
○ Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups
are mainly practical in purpose.
(這題我選對 可是我不是因為上面那句話看的懂才選對的~而且上面的話
我不知道跟第五題答案有什麼關係.......冏)

Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting
or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms.
For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain
in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person)
as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes
beyond that allowed by the particular group.

這一段話也是有看沒有懂? 黃金閱讀似乎沒有翻譯 有人可以大概翻一下嗎?
(雖然前面有人問過 不過我還是不是很了解....>"<) 拜託大家了!!

11. According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?
○ To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group
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怎麼看出答案是上面這個呢??


另外請問一下這種長句要怎麼看阿??有沒有比較好的方法呢?
※ 編輯: qqcandra 來自: 118.161.78.16 (12/03 00:23)
※ 編輯: qqcandra 來自: 118.161.78.16 (12/03 00:54)