TPO18 Industrialization in the Netherl - 英檢

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Location was an important factor for all four countries. All had immediate
access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant
international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant
marines, and the shipbuilding industry. Each took advantage of these
opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long
tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing
good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and
Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and
central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw
materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). Denmark
also had an admirable commercial history, particularly with respect to
traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In
1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial
nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected
since 1497 for the use of the Sound. This, along with other policy shifts
toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the
Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.





O Because they all started with good harbors for steamships, these countries
started with an important advantage in the competition for transit trade.

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