3/18 Speaking&Writing+RL - 英檢

我記得有篇聽力是在tpo6的第三篇聽力裡面
Nightcap Oak
Biology

Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.

Professor
Ok, I have an interesting plant species to discuss with you today. Um…it’s a
species of a very rare tree that grows in Australia, Eidothea hardeniana, but it’s
better known as the Nightcap Oak.
Now, it was discovered only very recently, just a few years ago. Um… it
remained hidden for so long because it’s so rare. There are only about 200 of
them in existence. They grow in a rain forest, in a mountain rage…range in the
north part of New South Wales which is a…er… state in Australia. So just 200
individual trees in all.
Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it is…it
represents…er…a very old type…er…kind of tree that grew a hundred million
years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to
the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree. A…a living fossil you might say. It’s relic from
earlier times and it has survived all these years without much change. And
it…it’s probably a kind of tree from which other trees that grow in Australia
today evolved.
Just to give you an idea of what we are talking about. Here’s a picture of the
leaves of the tree and its flowers. I don’t know how well you can see the
flowers. They’re those little clusters sitting at the base of the leaves.
Okay, what have we tried to find out about the tree since we’ve discovered it?
Hum…or how…why is…is it so rare? That’s one of the first questions. Um…
how is it…um…how does it reproduce? This’s another question. Um, maybe
those two questions are actually related. Jim?

Student
Hum …I don’t know. But I can imagine that…for instance, seed disposal might
be a factor. I mean if the…er…you know, if the seeds cannot really disperse in
the wild area, then, you know, the tree may not colonize new areas. It can’t
spread from the area where it’s growing.

Professor
Right. That’s…that’s actually a very good answer. Um, of course, you might
think there might not be any areas where the tree could spread into,
er…because…um…well, it’s very specialized in terms of the habitat. But, that’s
not really the case here. Um…the suitable habitat, that is, the actual rainforest
is much larger than the few hectares where the Nightcap Oak grows.
Now this tree is a flowering tree as I showed you. Um…um…it produces a fruit,
much like a plum. On the inci…inside there’s a seed with a hard shell. It…it
appears that the shell has to crack open or break down somewhat to allow the
seed to soak up water. You know, if the Nightcap Oak remains…if their seeds
remain locked inside their shell, they will not germinate. Actually, the
seeds…er…they don’t retain the power to germinate for very long, maybe two
years. So there’s actually quite a short window of opportunity for the seed to
germinate. So the shell somehow has to be broken down before
this…um…germination ability expires. And…and then there’s a kind of rat that
likes to feed on the seeds as well. So, given all these limitations, not many
seeds that the tree produces will actually germinate. So this is a possible
explanation for why the tree does not spread. It doesn’t necessarily explain
how it became so rare, but it explains why it doesn’t increase.
OK, so it seems to be the case that the species, this Nightcap Oak is not very
good at spreading. However, it seems, though we can’t be sure, that it’s very
good at persisting as a population. Um…we…there’s some indications to
suggest that the population of the Nightcap Oak has not declined over the last
er…you know, many hundreds of years. So it’s stayed quite stable. It’s not a
remnant of some huge population that is dwindled in last few hundred years for
some reason. It’s not necessarily a species in retreat.
Ok, so it cannot spread very well, but it’s good at maintaining itself. It’s rare,
but it’s not disappearing.
Ok, the next thing we might want to ask about the plant like that is what
chances does it have to survive into the future. Let’s look at that.

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