11/08 臺北登峰 - 英檢

※ 引述《gucci2 (Median Voter)》之銘言：
: 趁還有印象把今天的考題分享一下, 有些地方可能不完整或記錯的就多見諒拉.
: Reading <三篇都出自08.06.21的考古 剛剛才看到 飲恨.>
: 1. 真菌和植物的共生關係.
: 2. 講恐龍和鳥的相似關係, 以孵蛋為例子.
: 3. 講古希臘時期, 以馬為造型的雕塑品發展歷史.
: 4.&5. 分別遇到 電報 和 鳥鳴 的加試題.
: Listening
: 1. 男學生住宿遇到問題, 他住的地方在施工吵得他沒辦法專心唸書, 跑去住宿部反應.
: 但專員反應之前已經有寄email通知, 但男學生沒注意. 專員給他兩個建議:
: (a) 搬到另一個校區的宿舍, 但男同學說沒車, 這樣去圖書館很遠.

(而且學生常常在圖書館工作到晚上11點, 都很晚了)

: (b) 搬到校外去住, 男學生說很貴.
最後housing office建議學生搬到雙人房, 雖離圖書館遠, 但也離施工地遠,
而且雙人房較便宜,學校會退費 (因為學生原本住單人房，比雙人房貴)

: 2. 教授上課, 講間歇泉(Geyser), 介紹原理, 但數量不多. 有學生提出問題
Geysers are destroyed by human activies in two ways:
1. When extracting geothermal energy (之類的?)
2. Excavations to find minerals, etc, like gold.

However, geysers can also be destroyed through natural ways:
1. Minerals obstruct the neck of the geyser formation
2. Earthquakes (however, earthquakes sometimes prevent geysers
from being obstructed by minerals).

有題目問: What causes the sudden release of vapor?
What do earthquakes do to geysers?
What does the teacher imply by saying "At least those geysers
at Yellowstone will be available for future generations"?

: 3. 教授上植物學(Botany)課, 講了植物開花的兩個原因.
: (a) 一種是植物本身 (忘了細節)
"internal stimulus", ex: tomato, 一旦 tomato有13 nodes就會automatically開花
: (b) 一種是環境影響 (舉某種冬天才會開花的植物做例子)
"external stimulus"
有問教授如何organize her lecture，我選擇 from internal to external stimuli

: 4. 教授上心理課. 介紹夢中出現音樂(music in dream)的情境,
: 舉了Yuma族也有這類夢境而發展音樂, 另外提出夢中出現語言的情境做對比.
People do not remember words/actions in their dreams,
but they will remember music and songs very clearly.

Two theories:
1. A long time ago, people couldn't tell if they were awake or sleeping,
so in order to protect the people, their brain made them forget their
dreams very quickly. Moreover, music was developed after this brain
development, so we usually remember music in dreams clearly (but not
actions/words in our dreams).
2. The part of the brain that is in charge of music is different from
the part of the brain in charge of words and actions.
To prove this, there was the example of a man who could not speak,
but could still sing.

The teacher and a student agree with the 2nd theory (because there is
debate whether music was actually developed later than language).

: 5. 忘了
: 6. 忘了

5. barter
Example of a father who paid for his son's college tuition through
barter creadits.
The influence of the internet on barter is also mentioned (有題目).

6. Student's discussion of assignment with professor.
Title of the paper is "The office of the future".
The teacher asks the student to rethink such a title.
The teacher mentions that the focus is on human resources. (中間忘了)
The student compares the cubicles at his dad's company to beehive,
then the teacher says "Wait... You might have something there"
(問 why does the teacher say "You might have something there").
The teacher asks the student to draw an ideal of what an office space
should be, and then asks his dad for some opinion.

: Speaking
: 1. 要發展推廣你住的社區, 你會怎麼做？
: 2. 忘了
Do you prefer to study your class notes regularly, or study all just before the
exams?
: 3. 商業課, 主題是如何與員工有效溝通管理, 教授提出兩種方式
: (a) High richness communication, 適合處理複雜問題(如派新工作給下屬)
: 方式有Face to face, meeting等.
: (b) Low richness communication, 適合處理簡單的routine work(如通知開會議程)
: 方式有email, telephone等.
: 4. 女同學遇上了搬家的問題, 因為行李很多, 車子又不夠大, 所以找另一個女同學借車
: 但那輛車是新車, 雖然對方願意借車, 但她仍會擔心把人家的車弄壞.
: 男同學建議她可以去租車, 這樣就不用擔心弄壞車, 不過女同學覺得這樣很花錢.
: 5. Reading 某學校對住宿生行李問題作出了反應, 請專門公司來將學期結束學生的
: 行李搬走等開學了再把行李運回學校.
: Listening 男學生認為這個方案很好, 原因：
: (a) 行李太多, 而且自己搬來搬去很花錢.
: (b) 自己整理行李很花時間, 過程又很吵.
: 6. 心理學課,主題是Latent learning. 教授提出了兩種學習模式,
: (a) 有意識(conscious)的學習, 例如為了考試的唸書
: (b) 無意識(unconscious)的學習, 例如某些每天routine的事情, 久了自然就會.
: 並舉了兩個同學上學的例子:
: 甲同學有車, 乙同學搭搭甲便車. 但某天甲生病, 乙自己騎單車上學,
: 乙擔心自己會迷路, 但由於每天搭甲車, 產生了無意識的學習, 因此順利抵達.
: Writing
: 1. Reading 古埃及王國衰敗的原因：
: (a) 去中心化 (Decentralization)
Decentralization of power: Traditionally the power was in the hands
of the pharaoh, but towards the end of the Old Kingdom, power was delegated
to regional governors, and in turn, these governors opposed the pharaoh.

: (b) 雨季減少造成食物短缺 (Crop failure & food shortage)
There's data showing a 20% decrease in yearly rainfall.
This influenced the flow of the Nile River, which is essential to agriculture.
As a result, crop failed and there was food shortage.
: (c) 子孫爭權位 (Fight over succession to throne)
After the pharaoh died and left several sons with no clear successor,
the sons fought for the throne.
: Listening 教授提出三點反駁：
: (a) 提供獎賞(reward)和中央軍權(central army)
Therefore, regional governors would gain nothing by opposing the army.
: (b) 查歷史文件發現雨季減少只在某區域發生, 不影響糧食收成.
Decrease of rainfall happened only at the East of Egypt.
It was possible that there were droughts at the East of Egypt,
but that Egypt continued having plenty of water at the same time.

: (c) 有高度組織的政府(highly organized)可避免
The lecturer admits that it was possible that sons fought for the throne,
but Egypt had a high organized government that was able to run smootly
until battles for the throne settled.

: 2. 一個人成功的要件, 是要有好點子(Good Ideas)還是外表(Good Looks & Dresses)？
Do you agree that how a person looks and dresses is more important for success
than good ideas?

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