請問黃金第47篇Begging by Nestlings(TPO11) - 英檢

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the
passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the
THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage.
Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express
ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the
passage. This question is worth 2 points.


Experiments have shed much light on the begging behaviors of baby
songbirds
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Answer Choices

1 Songbird species that are especially vulnerable to predators have
evolved ways of reducing the dangers associated with begging calls.

2 Songbird parents focus their feeding effort on the nestlings that
beg loudest for food.

3 It is genetically disadvantageous for nestlings to behave as if
they are really hungry when they are not really hungry.

4 The begging calls of songbird nestlings provide a good example of
overly damaging cost to signalers of signaling.

5 The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hunger
to their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings'
begging calls.

6 Songbird nestlings have evolved several different ways to
communicate the intensity of their hunger to their parents.

答案是：1、2、3

我選了：2、3、4

我訂正後了解為什麼要選 1
但是不懂為什麼4不能選

我爬過板，有板友解釋："並沒有overly damaging"
但是也有板友提到文章第一段的第一句其實有提到overly damaging

Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are
overly damaging. A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds
when a parent returns to the nest with food. ........

所以還是沒搞懂為什麼4不能選阿......
拜託有人能為我解惑嗎
總是會在這題錯一個選項，又沒辦法克服。

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