請問文法問題，謝謝! - 自學

※ 引述《viceidol (微斯艾朵)》之銘言：
: ※ 引述《clutch (風中的雲)》之銘言：
: : 我想請問在使役動詞中表示主動用法中
: : 何時要使用使役動詞+O+V原型
: : 何時要使用使役動詞+O+現在分詞?
: : 感謝回答喔!
: 使役動詞+O+V原型 : 叫人去辦某事
: I had him wash my car.
: 使役動詞+O+V原型 :
: 使某個物體(無生命)被弄成某種狀態 或 接 oneself:使自己成為某種狀態
: I had my room cleaned.
: My dad had himself feared by everyone.
嗯...讓我詳答這一題好了 微斯艾朵應該是僅就have說明
而且跟我想的有點出入...= =" 以下討論的範圍 為作受詞補語用的動狀詞

某些動詞(feel,hear,notice,observe,overhear,see,watch,smell
look at,listen to,witness...etc.)後面可緊接受詞
然後加原形動詞或是-ing型式的動詞, 然而, 他們有些微的不同意義
-ing型式的話, 暗指動作正在進行, 而原型動詞之型式代表動作早已完成
亦即陳述已完成之事實 比較下列兩句
=> I saw them playing football from my window.
=> I saw him smash the bottle.

-ing的使用時機，也可以用來指我們在看,聽等動作時，只看到了事情的一小片斷
而原型動詞，則是不僅可用來陳述完成事實，也暗指主詞全程看,聽完全部動作
比較下面兩句
=> I was able to watching them building the new car park
from my office window.
(說明: 你不可能全程看到他們一直在蓋房子 故必用-ing!!!!)
=> I watched him climb through the window, and then I called the police.

另外 -ing型式者，也可用於強調受詞與其後的現在分詞有主動關係
=> When you feel yourself turning green with envy,
you are ripe for trouble.

dare 和 help的用法: 後可接原型或是to+V.R.的不定詞
但如果有受詞(用在連綴動詞用法) dare只能用不定詞
相對而言 have,let 和make 我們可以用受詞加原型動詞 但不能用不定詞
=> His exam results might make him work harder.
=> I had Beth clean up her bedroom before I let her go out to play.

have 後用受詞加現在分詞 有三種意思(只適用have)
1. 表示得到想要的結果
=> He has people roaring with laughter as he rolls his eyes in amusement
or delivers his punch lines.
2. 表示得到不好的結果
=> Three quarters of Saudi Arabia's income depends on oil, so a drop
in the price has the whole economy shuddering.
3. 與won't can't 合用 代表不准許
=> I won't have you walking home all by yourself.

have,let,leave,find 後面也可以加受詞再加be+過去分詞 有被動關係
=> Let us not be deceived----we are today in the midst of a cold war.
=> It is dangerous to have politicians ensconced too long and too cozily
in power.
如果還有疑問 可以去查英英辭典 每個字都會個別說明
因為文法只是歸納的舉例說明 不一定所有使役動詞我都會提到

參考資料: 給中學生的進階文法(臺灣培生)p152-161
Advanced Grammar in Use(2nd edition)
Unit 30 Verb+-ing and infinitives (Cambridge University Press)

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