托福閱讀答題技巧～細節題‧Part 6 - 英檢

大家好，我是字神帝國助教：）

不知道前面幾篇大家練習得如何呢？今天要分享細節題的最後一個技巧囉！

如果題目考的是：關於某個實驗或理論的哪一個敘述為真？
原文的架構可能是實驗和理論有兩三個步驟，最後才講實驗和理論的最終結果。
答案通常都是考結論的細節而不會是中間步驟一或二的過程細節。

所以針對這種題目，
同學請優先去找最終的結論，或者學者對於一個研究或理論的真正觀點和看法。
下面就為大家解釋及練習囉！


答案裡黃色反底是錯誤資訊、文章裡如藍色反底是關鍵字、綠色反底是定位字




G. 有實驗或理論的發展結構，跳過中間發展，直接看結果。
一個實驗出題者如能只考一題細節，正常情況下一定會考實驗結果，如：

<EX1>
What about birds that migrate at night? Perhaps they navigate by the night
sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were put on the floor of a
planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium is essentially a
theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for
any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside, the
birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome
was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky.
The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the
stars.

How did the birds navigate in the planetarium's nighttime environment?
(A) By waiting for the dome to stop rotating
(B) By their position on the planetarium floor
(C) By orienting themselves to the stars in the artificial night sky
(D) By navigating randomly until they found the correct orientation



<EX1>答案
What about birds that migrate at night? Perhaps they navigate by the night
sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were put on the floor of a
planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium is essentially a
theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for
any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside, the
birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome
was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky.
The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the
stars.

How did the birds navigate in the planetarium's nighttime environment?
(A) By waiting for the dome to stop rotating 原文無此訊息
(B) By their position on the planetarium floor 不是地上的位置是牠們飛的方向
(C) By orienting themselves to the stars in the artificial night sky
(D) By navigating randomly until they found the correct orientation
原文無此訊息
解析：定位字planetarium(行星儀) 無法定位整段都在重複出現。題目問鳥如何在有天象
儀的環境中導航飛行，跟原文段首問的第一句話一樣，後面講了推論和實驗的過程
都是不重要的細節，直到最後出現The result表實驗的結果，也就是考點，與答案
選項C對應。

<EX2>
With "climax," "biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms
for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being
criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the
whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of
their environment. Eventually, the energy-transforming role of such a system
was emphasized. Ecosystems thus include the circulation, transformation, and
accumulation of energy and matter through the medium of living things and
their activities. The ecologist is concerned primarily with the quantities of
matter and energy that pass through a given ecosystem, and with the rates at
which they do so.

What did ecologists mainly study when the ecosystem concept was the dominant
paradigm?

(A) The physical factors present in different environments
(B) The typical activities of animals and the effect of those activities on
plants
(C) The rates at which ecosystems changed from one kind to another
(D) The flow of energy and matter through ecosystems


<EX2>答案
With "climax," "biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms
for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being
criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the
whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of
their environment. Eventually, the energy-transforming role of such a system
was emphasized. Ecosystems thus include the circulation, transformation, and
accumulation of energy and matter through the medium of living things and
their activities. The ecologist is concerned primarily with the quantities of
matter and energy that pass through a given ecosystem, and with the rates at
which they do so.

What did ecologists mainly study when the ecosystem concept was the dominant
paradigm?

(A) The physical factors present in different environments 原文無此訊息
(B) The typical activities of animals and the effect of those activities on
plants 原文無此訊息
(C) The rates at which ecosystems changed from one kind to another
原文無此訊息
(D) The flow of energy and matter through ecosystems

解析：題目問關於生態系統的概念，生態學家主要研究的是甚麼。整段都是在講解生態系
　　　統，因此我們用生態學家找回原文發現最後一句是他們最關注的，也就是生態系統
　　　裡物質與能量的傳遞及其速率，關鍵字是concerned，對到選項D。


<EX3>
There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different kinds of
waterwheels. The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent
scientific and technical investigations of different designs. They revealed
output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest
wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass
across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed,
having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. (They also proved that, in
principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which an overhead stream of
water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.)

Which of the following was discovered as a result of scientific and technical
investigations
of waterpower conducted between 1650 and 1800?

(A) Some types of small waterwheel can produce as much horsepower as the very
largest wheels.

(B) Waterwheels operate more efficiently when water falls away from their
blades slowly than when water falls away quickly.

(C) Waterwheel efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of kinetic
energy water contains as it passes over a waterwheel’s blades.

(D) Unlike other types of waterwheels, the overshot wheel is capable of
producing more than 60 horsepower units of energy.

<EX3>答案
There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different kinds of
waterwheels. The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent
scientific and technical investigations of different designs. They revealed
output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest
wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass
across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed,
having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. (They also proved that, in
principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which an overhead stream of
water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.)

which of the following was discovered as a result of scientific and technical
investigations of waterpower conducted between 1650 and 1800?

(A) Some types of small waterwheel can produce as much horsepower as the very
　　largest wheels. 原文無此訊息
(B) Waterwheels operate more efficiently when water falls away from their
　　blades slowly than when water falls away quickly.
(C) Waterwheel efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of kinetic
energy water contains as it passes over a waterwheel’s blades.
原文效率增加不是藉由提高動能
(D) Unlike other types of waterwheels, the overshot wheel is capable of
producing more than 60 horsepower units of energy.
原文出現的是1~60 HP且原文也沒出現與其他水車的比較

解析：題目問關於在1650~1800年間水力發電的研究發現甚麼結果。原文一樣出現關鍵字
reveal and confirm，答案在confirm後面，水流越流暢平穩的通過轉輪扇葉，
然後水流下落越慢，效率就越高，此訊息對應到B選項。


以上就是所有細節題型的技巧分享，細節題佔托福考題三分之一至二分之一的題目，
準備時一定要反覆大量做題，熟悉題目的出題方式，清楚原文句子間的邏輯關係和文意。
ETS出的題目要好好珍惜並反覆咀嚼三遍以上。


最後，字神帝國祝大家閱讀都拿滿分！


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