托福閱讀答題技巧～細節題‧Part 5 - 英檢

大家好，我是字神帝國助教。我又要來分享細節題的答題技巧囉！
這篇是細節題分享的倒數第二篇，不知道大家有沒有好好練習呢？：Ｄ
廢話不多說，直接進入重點囉！


上星期分享如果題目有負號字，就回原文段落定位負面訊息，
因為閱讀負號字很愛考，所以要再講一次。
反之，題目偶爾會問正面字，那就要回原文找正面訊息，
雖然比起負號字這種題型考的相對較少，但是同學還是要注意一下。


答案裡黃色反底是錯誤資訊、文章裡如藍色反底是關鍵字、綠色反底是定位字

一樣先提供題目先練習，接著才會給出解析～
希望大家可以邊看邊練～那麼下頁就開始練習囉！



E. 如果題目問正面字如benefit, contribute, advantage, 那回原文找正面字訊息，如：

<EX1>
Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants
hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique
allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients
and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has
applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of
greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants
are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another way for
growing plants without soil.

What is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in
plants?

(A) It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.
(B) It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants
simultaneously.
(C) It is possible to directly observe the roots of plants.
(D) It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.


<EX1>答案

Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants
hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique
allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients
and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has
applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of
greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants
are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another way for
growing plants without soil.

What is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in
plants?

(A) It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.
(B) It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants
simultaneously. 原文無此訊息
(C) It is possible to directly observe the roots of plants. 原文無此訊息
(D) It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.
原文沒說unnecessary，然後噴灑營養液是指Aerophonics (氣培法)，故不選


解析：這題hydroponics(水栽法)出現兩次，第一次在講關於營養素缺乏症的研究，第二
次在講關於它對培植溫室蔬菜的應用。因此根據題目我們用research on nutrient
deficiencies來定位。題目問優點，因此找正面字看到allow…..to create。
這句原文意思是，水栽法讓研究人員制造缺乏某種營養素的溶液然後去觀察對植物
的影響。選項A就是這句話的同義改寫。
同學注意B和C無中生有的危險副詞simultaneously和directly。





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接下來是下一個題型介紹，這種題型也是偶爾會出現，明明是細節題，但是卻有點像推論
題。很多推論題，他的正確答案其實只是把原文資訊加兩個負號進去，意思不變。
例如原文說努力才會成功答案選項卻變成不努力就不會成功，其實兩句話是同個意思。
一起來看看這種題型的解法吧！





F. 細節題需要推論題技巧負負得正的，如：

<EX2>
Two additional techniques of studying infant perception have come into vogue.
The first is the habituation-dishabituation technique, in which a single
stimulus is presented repeatedly to the infant until there is a measurable
decline (habituation) in whatever attending behavior is being observed. At
that point a new stimulus is presented, and any recovery (dishabituation) in
responsiveness is recorded. If the infant fails to dishabituate and continues
to display habituation with the new stimulus, it is assumed that the baby is
unable to perceive the new stimulus as different. The
habituation-dishabituation paradigm has been used most extensively with studies
of auditory and olfactory perception in infants. The second technique relies on
evoked potentials, which are electrical brain responses that may be related to
a particular stimulus because of where they originate. Changes in the
electrical pattern of the brain indicate that the stimulus is getting through
to the infant's central nervous system and eliciting some form of response.





Which of the following leads to the conclusion that infants are able to
differentiate between stimuli in a habituation-dishabituation study?


(A) Dishabituation occurs with the introduction of a new stimulus.

(B) Electrical responses in the infant's brain decline with each new stimulus.

(C) Habituation is continued with the introduction of a new stimulus.

(D) The infant displays little change in electrical brain responses.











<EX2>答案
Two additional techniques of studying infant perception have come into vogue.
The first is the habituation-dishabituation technique, in which a single
stimulus is presented repeatedly to the infant until there is a measurable
decline (habituation) in whatever attending behavior is being observed. At
that point a new stimulus is presented, and any recovery (dishabituation) in
responsiveness is recorded. If the infant fails to dishabituate and continues
to display habituation with the new stimulus, it is assumed that the baby is
unable to perceive the new stimulus as different. The
habituation-dishabituation paradigm has been used most extensively with studies
of auditory and olfactory perception in infants. The second technique relies on
evoked potentials, which are electrical brain responses that may be related to
a particular stimulus because of where they originate. Changes in the
electrical pattern of the brain indicate that the stimulus is getting through
to the infant's central nervous system and eliciting some form of response.

Which of the following leads to the conclusion that infants are able to
differentiate between stimuli in a habituation-dishabituation study?




(A) Dishabituation occurs with the introduction of a new stimulus.

(B) Electrical responses in the infant's brain decline with each new stimulus.
這是後面第二個實驗了

(C) Habituation is continued with the introduction of a new stimulus.
講反了，下面換句話說後的原文是嬰兒要放棄舊習慣，對於新刺激不要有舊的習慣性

(D) The infant displays little change in electrical brain responses.
這是後面第二個實驗了


解析：題目問嬰兒如何能分辨不同的刺激，快速讀過發現最接近題目的意思就是有
different的那句：baby is unable to perceive the new stimulus as different
(嬰兒沒有辦法識別出新的刺激有什麼不同。) 但題目問able但原文裡的資訊是
unable，因此在原文定位句加負號，答案就出來了，修改後句子為If the infant
dishabituate (放棄舊習慣) and not continues to show habituation with the
new stimulus, it is assumed that the baby is able to perceive the new
stimulus as different. 關鍵字if接的訊息是導致的原因，也是題目在問的答案。
對應選項A。


本週的分享就到這囉！

下星期將進入細節題的最終章啦～敬請期待喲！




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