戴爾美語練功坊 托福閱讀測驗試題(10/15) - 英檢

戴爾美語練功坊 托福閱讀實力測驗試題(10/15)

Schematic Table (綱要分析表格)
綱要分析表格乃須根據文章判斷與中心主要思想相關細節, 配對表格提及之
項目加以分類並配對. 其中,會有二至三個是無關選項.
(1) 審慎閱讀表格內重要訊息, 判斷是否為文章所觸及或相關含意,
並且深入對比是否為準確之真實訊息.
(2) 必須對於出現在選項中與表格無關之干擾訊息排除.
(3) 答案選項皆須與原文段落中所置之關鍵詞彙或詞組相關.
並包括重要觀點支持訊息.
→ Complete the table by matching the phrases below.
Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the ….
Two / Three of the answer choices will NOT be used.

Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts
and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and
mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom.
However, in reality they are very different from plants and today
they are placed in a separate group altogether.
The principal reason for this that none of them possesses chlorophyll,
and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates,
they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic
matter or from other living organisms.
Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose,
as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer
called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of
shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between
the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of
plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of
the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus,
to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells
without having any effect on those of the fungus itself.
It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to
attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax,
or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive.
They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers,
a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest
causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal
attacks both before and after harvesting.
Some fungi can grow at + 50℃, while others can grow at -5 ℃,
so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them.
On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of
dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of
mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms.
In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics
used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.

Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below.
Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and
match them to the either fungi or plants.
Two of the answer choices will NOT be used.

Fungi: Plants:
●________________ ● _______________
●________________ ● _______________
●________________

Answer Choices:
(A) contain chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates
(B) secrete enzymes to break down the walls of plant cells
(C) produce carbon dioxide
(D) can be exploited in medicine
(E) cell walls are composed of cellulose
(F) cell walls can form skeletons of certain animals
(G) acquire carbohydrate from other organic matter,
both living and dead

Answers: Fungi: B D G
Plants: A E

解析:
Fungi:
(B)The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls
of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance
because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells
of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells
without having any effect on those of the fungus itself.
(D)In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent
antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
(G)The principal reason for this that none of them
possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize
their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from
the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms.

Plants:
(A)However, in reality they are very different from plants and today
they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal
reason for this that none of them possesses chlorophyll.
(E)Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose,
as those of plants are …

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