tpo-15 閱讀 mass extinction Q2 - 英檢

※ 引述《laidon (賴董)》之銘言：
: The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions in which many families
: of marine organisms died out. The rates of extinction happening today are as
: great as the rates during these mass extinctions. Many scientists have
: therefore concluded that a sixth great mass extinction is currently in
: progress.
: 2. According to paragraph 2, scientists base their belief that a mass
: extinction is going on at present on which of the following?
: （A）The speed with which mass extinctions are happening today is similar to the
: speed of past extinctions.
: ○Mass extinctions occur with regularity and it is time for another one.
: 答案是A，但不知為什麼C是錯？？
這是一個很好的例子

各位戰友可能以為自己讀的不夠快 開始練習速度
但是有時讀快了 好像正確率卻下降了?

因為速度不對

還有不正確的跳讀


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一般自然組的同學容易誤選C
或因為你讀到後面的 出現了一個 週期性的時間
American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski,
who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups,
suggest that episodes of increased extinction have
recurred periodically,
approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period.


但是你可能沒有注意到
本題有限定
According to paragraph 2, scientists base their belief that
他根本沒有問你後面的段落

所以提醒各位戰友 有些人可能習慣先看完大意 這是可以的
但是對應這種細節的文章 一定要看清楚答案的搜尋範圍

________________________________________________


再來就是一個習慣
當你有問題的時候查察字典和百科吧
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event

其實這篇文章第一題就有線索
Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about mass extinctions?


They take place over a period of 70 million years.
和
They occur every 250 million years.
都是錯的對不對

所以第一段到第二段 都沒有再談週期性

______________________________________________


wiki 的那張圖你大約可以看出25 million years 的週期
還有big five 相對較大的五次
這個wiki的文章是很好的練習

但是有必要說明一下

wiki這篇文章真正的結構是

定義: An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis)
is a widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth.

這是重點 大滅絕不是看物種消失的速度而已

精確定義: It occurs when the rate of extinction increases
with respect to the rate of speciation.
要考慮新種產生的速度


但是我們並無法像定義一樣的量測地球上所有的物種
因為 大多是微生物Because the majority of diversity and biomass
on Earth is microbial, and thus difficult to measure


所以我們測的是easily observed, biologically complex component of
the biosphere rather than the total diversity and abundance of life.


而且最常用的就是海洋生物的化石
Marine fossils are mostly used to measure extinction rates
because of their superior fossil record and stratigraphic
range compared to land organisms.


這就是為何第二段第一句說

The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions
in which many families of marine organisms died out.
請注意1. 這是最少有五次 2.這是由海洋生物的化石來看
當人類有了文字紀錄 物種滅絕研究不是看化石

The rates of extinction happening today are as great as the rates during
these mass extinctions.
這句話正確的意思是
目前觀察到物種滅絕的速度 (並非海洋生物 而是人類有紀錄的生物)
滅絕的速度和過去用海洋生物化石顯示的滅絕速度相近

________________________________________________________________________

速解:

第二段只有三句
ETS哪一句出題?
as great as 比較句
看對象rates


問 scientists base their belief that

定位應該是 Many scientists have therefore concluded that 的上一句
也就是therefore 之前出現的原因

________________________________________________________________________

當我寫到第二題 我已經了解這個作者的思路 和wiki的那篇一樣
是從大範圍 修正 限制 在討論的寫法

所意這樣的文章光是看每段的第一句 你往往沒有看到重點

但是反過來說 你只要知道重點 現在大意題就秒殺了

給你第一句
There have been "many attempts" to explain the causes of mass extinctions.

有未說明的名詞 下一句填什麼? 解釋有那些attempts

A. Asteroid impacts, evolutionary developments, and changes in Earth' s
climate and in the positions of the continents [ have all been
proposed as possible causes of mass extinctions].

看到這裡你就知道了 文章中到處都是
have therefore concluded
There are several hypotheses
suggest that
has given rise to such hypotheses
Of the various hypotheses attempting to account for


接下來要寫甚麼?
本文中表現作者態度的句子就是
one that has attracted the most attention in recent years
is the asteroid-impact hypothesis
這個attracted the most attention 就是說接下來要深入討論得

而且你看 不就是排在A選項最前面嗎?



B 選項 could all be attributed to the same cause 有未說明的抽象字
第三段 先保留

先分析一下CDE 都有出現as a result of/ caused/ cause
F 沒有解釋asteroid-impact hypothesis 出局


哪個是對的?


C. much of the iridium originally present on Earth
was thrown into the atmosphere 明明就是天體撞擊 這裡卻說是地表的ir


D. The unusual distribution of iridium on Earth and the presence of craters and
heat-shocked quartz are central to the theory that an asteroid impact caused the late
Cretaceous event.
有證據(包含六七兩段) 有解釋


E. 危險單字 irreversible changes in Earth' s atmosphere.
如果irreversible 現在還有生物嗎?
_______________________________________________

本文重點大多在 後方

第一個問題
What could cause such high rates of extinction? There are several hypotheses

有一個觀察
suggest that episodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically,

給一個解釋
one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the
asteroid-impact hypothesis

提供證據
This iridium anomaly offers
strong support for the Alvarez hypothesis even though no asteroid itself has ever been
recovered.

因為even though
所以怕你不信 補充最後一段 另一個證據 沒有隕石 但是有可能是隕石坑的遺跡

A location called Chicxulub, along the Yucatan coast,
has been suggested as the primary impact site


速讀要踩對點
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