關於tpo1 timberline這篇閱讀 - 英檢

1.關於以下這句 我想問的as is 的中間主詞好像被省略了
要怎麼判斷被省略的東西是前面這件事情,隨高度增加的風速和對樹造成嚴重的壓力
還是只有指風速這件事情

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for
trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.


2.這句的adjacent 到底是在修飾誰?
還有while higher up the number and diversity of species derease
這邊翻成當高度上升,數量和種類多樣性減少.
我想請問的是while higher up的主詞在哪呢,不然怎麼知道是高度？

Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly
complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up
the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare
ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

3.在TPO16的Lechuguilla caves 聽力稿裡面

This is part of what led us to the realization that Lechuguilla is in
that small part of groups of waterless caves.

Lechuguilla is in that.... 請問這邊in that
又是修飾哪個名詞呢

很多東西都知道他整句話的意思
可是把文法放進來的時候,很難講通.
板上有沒有高人可以指點一二 謝謝?

--