小到大都沒人教我該如何讀書 - 學習
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By Tom
at 2006-04-16T11:06
at 2006-04-16T11:06
Table of Contents
我自己就是位受害者,也看到以往不少同學,真的不愛讀書的很少,有很多是想讀又不知
道如何讀的人,就這樣被犧牲掉了。
學習的關鍵就是練習,不斷練到熟為止
最近讀了一本記憶力的書(號稱在美國暢銷27年),我發現他寫的很中肯,沒有賣弄一些
花招,甚至直言批評一些記憶術對學習並不實用,你會記下一串數字、無關聯的事物,這
種能力除了上台表演之外,對考試並沒甚麼實際幫助
大家也曉得短期記憶、長期記憶這方面的知識,該書在這方面的論點更肯定我近來痛苦摸
索的體會,直接了當的說,「背誦」才是把短期記憶轉成長期記憶的重要手段,除了舉出
實驗例證,經過背誦的學習效過遠超過不背誦。
該書舉出一般學生的學習盲點,總是在考前拼命讀,靠短期記憶通過考試後立刻忘光。一
位女學生對記憶指導員說,書上的知識都看得懂,但只要書本關上,她覺得腦中的記憶都
「浮浮的」,不是很篤定,正是缺乏背誦的功夫
該書又以99乘法表為例,就算你長年不算數學,但它幾乎很難忘,原因根本就在於大家都
曾經對99乘法表進行一種「過度學習」,以至於想忘都不可能
該書更明白指出,研讀教科書的流程,綜覽、精讀、背誦、複習,最重要的就是背誦,如
果你讀教科書,就應該花最多時間在「背誦」上。至於背誦的個人心得,用「心」默誦,
效果最差(小考或許管用,但我指的是對長期記憶而言),人腦對「抽象概念」最不敏感
,最好該是出聲朗讀,並且手寫,因為手寫才會強迫大腦去組織文句內容(有輸入也有輸
出),這樣效果才好。
以前的讀書方式,就是上課聽,回家做功課,考前再看看,嚴格來說,除非天資過人,這
種方式到高中就不合適,上課注意聽老師講,注重理解不重背誦,這兩個錯誤的觀念我也
身受其害,對於教材,更不可以局限於老師所教,而該通盤全面延伸學習,不然你怎麼從
不訝異,很多優等生都會回答教材根本沒寫的內容
世界上很多事情早就有答案了,如果早二十年有人教我這些,也不用現在拼死拼活了
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