創新低 神豬獻祭僅剩卅七頭 - 新竹
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By Charlotte
at 2020-08-25T08:25
at 2020-08-25T08:25
Table of Contents
https://www.chinatimes.com/amp/newspapers/20200825000678-260115
創新低 神豬獻祭僅剩卅七頭
109-08-25 中國時報 羅浚濱/竹縣報導
新竹縣新埔褒忠義民廟採用「少牢之禮」的神豬獻祭,演變成神豬比賽,迄今已有一百九十五年歷史,但隨著社會變遷和動保意識抬頭,參賽神豬數量年年減少,十年前還有二百多頭,到今年輪值的大隘聯庄登記參賽神豬僅剩卅七頭,創下史上最低紀錄。
義民廟廟史指出,清道光十五年在鄉試中第十五名武舉人林秋華至褒忠亭掛「武魁」匾,首次以豬羊牲禮祭拜酬神恩,這種以「少牢之禮」的祭祀方式, 為義民爺祭典儀式定調。
研究義民廟拿到宗教學碩士的新竹縣前農業處長范國銓指出,義民祭起燈篙、奉飯等儀式都是祭拜鬼魂或祖先,而用最隆重殺豬宰羊的「少牢之禮」,意味祭拜的是神明,逐漸使義民爺「鬼格」與「神格」同時存在。
「目前全臺四十座義民廟,只有新埔褒忠義民廟採用少牢之禮!」范國銓說,義民爺從祖先與英雄,到與神明合而為一,獻祭神豬是重要的象徵,透過祭典更有凝聚客家族群意識的社會功能。
義民祭典由十五聯庄輪值主祭,早年輪值區都視其為十五年才有的地方大事,信徒養神豬都要先擲筊向義民爺報告,並竭盡所能把豬養到最大,於是產生「賽神豬」習俗。
六十年代前,輪值區幾乎每家戶都殺豬,放在豬羊架後抬到義民廟普渡,場面壯觀,信徒以養大神豬為榮,之後採取前卅等的神豬,才能抬到廟前廣場獻祭。
六十九年後因社會變遷,家戶很少養豬,出現飼養神豬的專業戶,加上動保團體不時抨擊灌食和屠宰不人道,獻祭神豬數量年年減少,去年竹東聯庄的神豬僅六十多頭,今年大隘聯庄更只剩卅七頭,創史上新低。
范國銓說,萬一日後義民祭沒有神豬,義民爺在宗教上將失去神明位格,這種民間自主性的結構功能一旦瓦解,客家信仰的獨特性,也將跟著消失。
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