TPO10 READING European Economic Growth - 英檢

The rapid expansion in international trade also benefitted from an infusion
of capital, stemming largely from gold and silver brought by Spanish vessels
from the Americas. This capital financed the production of goods, storage,
trade, and even credit across Europe and overseas. Moreover an increased
credit supply was generated by investments and loans by bankers and wealthy
merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships - an English innovation
(the first major company began in 1600). Unlike short-term financial
cooperation between investors for a single commercial undertaking,
joint-stock companies provided permanent funding of capital by drawing on the
investments of merchants and other investors who purchased shares in the
company.


12. According to paragraph 8, each of the following was a source of funds
used to finance economic expansion EXCEPT
○groups of investors engaged in short-term
○financial cooperation the state
○wealthy merchants
○joint-stock companies

第一和第二個選項我猶豫了很久...最後選一,但答案是二...

文章中好像沒有直接說到這兩個選項(還是我忽略了?)
想請問是從哪裡看出來答案的呢?

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