TPO 08 恐龍滅絕 - 英檢

※ 引述《Purlas (皮拉斯)》之銘言：
: Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves
: from layers of rock documenting the end ofthe Cretaceous up into rocks
: representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).
: 可以拆解和翻譯一下這句嗎?有點是懂非懂
: 第十題
我拆
Many plants and animals disappear (abruptly) 副詞 修飾
(from the fossil record) 介詞片語 修飾

表示時間的的子句 as (當..的時候) 是連接詞
as one move
(from layers of rock
documenting the end ofthe Cretaceous up into rocks
representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic))

..............................................................

最後有個平行結構 documenting = representing
很適合考單字題
這兩個字的意思不完全相等 但是 在此用法一樣
document當名詞:1.公文(所以 Windows 我的文件 英文版是My documents)
2.證據
document當動詞:提出文件來證實 (某事)

represent:代表.象徵

在此兩個字都有ing 因為
限定修飾的形容詞子句中,當關代在句中為主詞時 可以省略形容詞子句 變成分詞片語
rocks that represented the beginning of the Cenozoic
........................................................

用英文看的時候和中文翻譯的方向不一樣
對英文來說順序是(有很多修飾在後方)
Many plants and animals disappear abruptly 很多動植物不見了 (什麼動植物不見？)
from the fossil record 在化石(記錄)中

as one move from A up into B
要記得是化石喔
所以下面的通常比較古老
所以從下往上面的看 就是從老的岩層看到新的岩層

Cretaceous 應該沒問題
有很有名的電影(Jurassic Park park 侏羅紀公園)
不過後來搬上百老匯 做出音樂劇 Cretaceous Park 白堊紀公園

layers of rock (哪裡的化石阿) 用片語修飾告訴你
documenting the end ofthe Cretaceous 白堊紀末期

Cenozoic = Cainozoic 新生代 這個字不用背 因為後面有說明..不過好像也看不懂
()中的就是說明 the era after the Mesozoic (中生代)
Paleozoic古生代 -> 中生代 -> 新生代
.......................................................
所以可以發現直直的從頭讀到尾你可能不太瞭解意思
因此記得要眼睛放大一點 多看看後面的結構
這是速讀的原理 就是一次看多行
.......................................................
翻譯的時候我們會遇到很多問題
最大的問題是有些不可共量
語言之間的差異

我翻成這樣 請比較一下原文 句子的結構

當你從白堊紀末期的岩層看到新生代的岩層時
會發現很多動植物的化石突然消失了.


中文會從當...開始翻譯
我們不需要很多的子句與片語 這是因為我們的動詞語法與英語不同

你.看 兩個字
是我翻譯的時候改的 只是為了翻譯的順利 不採用句中的動詞
翻譯就是要這樣做出取捨
要保留原作的用法 還是盡量的用順暢的文字重新建構作者的意思


: Paragraph 5 lr has not been common at Earth’s since the very beginning of
: the planet’s history. Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was
: preferentially incorporated in Earth’s core as the planet cooled and
: consolidated. lr is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which
: the solar system’s original chemical composition is preserved. Even today,
: microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea.
: By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of
: time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the
: observed amount of lr in the boundary clay. These calculations suggest that a
: period of about one million years would have been required. However, other
: reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not
: have taken one million years. So the unusually high concentration of lr seems
: to require a special explanation.
: 10. Paragraph 5 implies that a special explanation of lr in the boundary clay
: is needed because
because 問因果

誰的因？
為何需要 a special explanation of lr in the boundary clay
所以要定位
最後一句就是 So 因此 require a special explanation
答案當然在前面

These calculations suggest that a
period of about one million years would have been required. However, other
reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not
have taken one million years.
原來的說法(就是假設地球上的Ir 主要是從小隕石帶來的)
如此大量的Ir要下one million years的隕石
但是其他證據說沒有這樣長的隕石墜落期

所以要換個說法
下一段就改說 所以不是小隕石 應該是小型星撞地球
(所以短時間內就有大量的Ir)
: ○the lr in microscopic meteorites reaching Earth during the Cretaceous
: period would have been incorporated into Earth’s core
: ○the lr in the boundary clay was deposited much more than a million years ago
: ○the concentration of lr in the boundary clay is higher than in microscopic
: meteorites
: ○the amount of lr in the boundary clay is too great to have come from
: microscopic meteorites during the time the boundary clay was deposited
: 不太懂為什麼答案是D?
: 為什麼銥的量會太多而不可能是來自隕石?
: 這一題從哪推出答案是D?
: 感謝回答

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