SK2Rosa-如何培養區分主旨與細節的能力？ - 英檢

大家好，

我是SK2的Rosa，
許多同學常常會卡在80分左右，分數無法提升，
這很可能是因為目前你區分主旨與細節的能力偏弱。

同學在念托福時，常常會遇到一個問題，不知道什麼資訊該記？而什麼資訊
是細節，可以不用記？

為什麼你要會區分主旨與細節呢？
因為事實上托福就在考你這個能力。

試想，當你在考閱讀、聽力時，你只有時間讀一遍、聽一遍，這樣的情況
下，只記主旨是最有效率的方法。反之，當你覺得每句話都重要，每句話都
想要看懂、聽懂，你會很自然的需要多看幾次或是多聽幾次才能夠懂。

當你能夠分辨主旨與細節時，你會發現答題率穩定很多，而且考前也不需要
做太多回考古題便能夠獲得高分了。

接著，我們談談要怎麼培養這個能力呢？
其實，一邊練習托福，就能夠一邊培養這個能力了，不需要另外找教材。

閱讀：
首先，練閱讀時，建議同學只讀每一段的首句，寫個架構式筆記。這樣的練
習，能夠幫助你不會讀太細。

接著，檢討時，請你思考每句話的關聯性、找訊號字，決定段落中哪句話是
Main、哪句話是Detail。
舉例來說，以下這個段落你會怎麼分析？請拿紙筆試試（或是於word檔複製
貼上）。
But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep,
several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes
twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater
resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency
of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help
keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more
relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in
which there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action,
inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages
tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in
resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks
the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then
resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors is
the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles that can
change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.

這段我會這樣看：
But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep,
several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes
twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater
resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency
of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help
keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more
relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in
which there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action,
inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages
tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in
resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks
the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then
resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors is
the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles that can
change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.
整段主旨為several changes。其他句子都在講解哪些changes。

聽力：
由於聽力的一篇lecture通常有五到六個段落，練聽力時，你可以拆成兩次
練習。聽第一次時，請先試著找出每個段落的Main idea。聽第二遍時，再
試著記下最重要的detail。練了一個禮拜左右，便能夠結合這兩次，於第一
遍時，抓到Main跟Detail。

口說：
練口說第二到四題時，你一樣也能夠先把Main idea抓出來，再補上細節。

寫作：
練整合寫作時，有三分鐘的時間讀閱讀。建議同學先用一分鐘skim整篇文
章，抓到各段的Main idea。最後，再用剩下的時間快速讀過各段的
detail。

最後，當你能夠一眼區分Main idea與detail時，便能夠做到時間掌控，並
且答題率穩定。
祝同學都能夠考到高分！


Warm Regards,
SK2 Rosa ^______^

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